Karaka

Karaka (Corynocarpus laevigatus)

Common Names: Karaka, New Zealand Laurel
Family: Corynocarpaceae

‍

‍Tree Details

• Height: Up to 15–20 metres
• Trunk Diameter (DBH): Up to 1.2 metres
• Form: Upright and spreading, with a dense, rounded canopy
• Growth Rate: Moderate
• Lifespan: 200+ years
• Notable Feature: Large, glossy leaves and bright orange fruit

‍Description

The Karaka is a stately, evergreen broadleaf tree endemic to New Zealand, primarily found in coastal and lowland forests of the North Island and upper South Island. It is instantly recognisable by its thick, glossy green leaves (up to 15 cm long) and abundant orange drupes produced in late summer. Its trunk can become wide and fluted with age, and large mature trees form bold, dome-shaped crowns.

This species is notable for its cultural significance — it was widely cultivated by Māori for its edible (but toxic unless prepared) seeds, and many existing groves today mark historic Māori settlements.

‍Distribution & Habitat

• Natural Range: North Island & northern South Island, especially coastal areas
• Preferred Habitat: Coastal and lowland forest margins, cliff faces, streambanks
• Soil Type: Prefers well-drained soils; not tolerant of poor drainage
• Climate: Thrives in frost-free, mild climates; coastal wind and salt-tolerant

‍Ecology

Karaka plays a key ecological role as a food source for native birds, particularly the kererū, which are among the few birds capable of swallowing and dispersing the large seeds. However, seedlings can establish prolifically, and in some regions it is considered locally invasive.

The fruit contains a large kernel that is highly toxic if consumed raw due to the presence of the alkaloid karakin. Māori developed elaborate preparation techniques to detoxify and safely consume the seed.

‍Uses

• Cultural: Historic Māori food tree; planted near pā and marae
• Landscape: Used in large gardens, shelterbelts, and coastal revegetation
• Timber: Not commonly used; wood is soft and brittle
• Other Notes: Fallen fruit can be dangerous to dogs; seeds toxic if eaten

‍